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Leviticus 11
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Chapter 11
d.
Wine forbidden
III. RULES CONCERNING THE CLEAN AND UNCLEAN
a. On land
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Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron and said to them,
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Speak to the sons of Israel and say: “Of all the beasts on the earth these are the animals you may eat:
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You may eat any animal that has a cloven hoof, divided into two parts, and that is a ruminant.
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The following, which either chew the cud or have a cloven hoof, are the ones that you may not eat: the camel must be held unclean, because though it is ruminant, it has not a cloven hoof;
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the hyrax must be held unclean, because though it is ruminant, it has not a cloven hoof;
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the hare must be held unclean, because though it is ruminant, it has not a cloven hoof;
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the pig must be held unclean, because though it has a cloven hoof, divided into two parts, it is not ruminant.
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You must not eat the meat of such animals nor touch their dead bodies; you must hold them unclean.
b. In water
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Of all that lives in water, these you may eat: “Anything that has fins and scales, and lives in the water, whether in sea or river, you may eat.
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But anything in sea or river that has not fins or scales, of all the small water-creatures and all the living things found there, must be held detestable.
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You must hold them detestable; you are not to eat their flesh and you must avoid their carcases.
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Anything that lives in water, but has no fins or scales, is to be held detestable.
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Among the birds here are those you must hold detestable; they may not be eaten, they are detestable: “The tawny vulture, the griffon, the osprey,
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the kite, the several kinds of buzzard,
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all kinds of raven,
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the ostrich, the screech owl, the seagull, the several kinds of hawk,
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horned owl, night owl, cormorant, barn owl,
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ibis, pelican, white vulture,
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stork, the several kinds of heron, hoopoe and bat.
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All winged insects that move on four feet[*a] you must hold detestable.
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Of all these winged insects you may eat only the following: those that have legs above their feet so that they can leap over the ground.
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These are the ones you may eat: the several kinds of migratory locust, solham, hargol and hagab locusts in their several kinds.
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But all winged insects on four feet you are to hold detestable.
Contact with unclean animals
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By these you will be made unclean. Anyone who touches the carcase of one will be unclean until evening.
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Anyone who picks up their carcases must wash his clothing and will be unclean until evening.
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Animals that have hoofs, but not cloven, and that are not ruminant, you are to hold unclean; anyone who touches them will be unclean.
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Those four-footed animals which walk on the flat of their foot[*b] must be held unclean; anyone who touches their carcases will be unclean until evening,
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and anyone who picks up their carcases must wash his clothing and will be unclean until evening. You are to hold them unclean.
e. Small ground beasts
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These are the small beasts crawling on the ground that you are to hold unclean: the mole, the rat, the several kinds of lizard:
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gecko, koah, letaah, chameleon and tinshameth.
Further rules on contact with things unclean
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Of all the small beasts, these are the creatures that you are to hold unclean. Anyone who touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening.
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Any object on which one of these creatures falls when it is dead becomes unclean: wooden utensil, clothing, skin, sackcloth – any utensil at all. It must be dipped in water and will remain unclean until evening: then it will be clean.
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If the creature falls into an earthenware vessel, the vessel must be broken; whatever the vessel contains is unclean.
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Any food that is eaten will be unclean, even if it is steeped in water; any liquid that is drunk will be unclean, no matter what its container.
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Anything on which a carcase of such a creature may fall will be unclean: oven or stove must be destroyed, for unclean they are and unclean they must be for you
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(although springs, wells and stretches of water will remain clean); anyone who touches a carcase of theirs will be unclean.
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If one of their carcases falls on any seed whatever, the seed will remain clean; but if the seed has been wet, and a carcase of theirs falls on it, then you must hold it unclean.
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If one of the animals that you use as food dies, then anyone who touches the carcase will be unclean until evening;
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anyone who eats the dead meat must wash his clothing and will remain unclean until evening; anyone who picks up the carcase must wash his clothing and will remain unclean until evening.
The religious aspect
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Any small beast that crawls on the ground is detestable; you must not eat it.
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Anything that moves on its belly, anything that moves on four legs or more – in short all the small beasts that crawl on the ground – you must not eat these because they are detestable.
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Do not make yourself detestable with all these crawling beasts; do not defile yourself with them, do not be defiled
by them.
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For it is I, Yahweh, who am your God. You have been sanctified and have become holy because I am holy: do not defile yourself with all these beasts that crawl on the ground.
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Yes, it is I, Yahweh, who brought you out of Egypt to be your God: you therefore must be holy because I am holy.”‘
Conclusion
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Such is the law concerning animals, birds, all living creatures that move in water and every creature that crawls on the ground.
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Its purpose is to separate the clean from the unclean; creatures that may be eaten from those that must not be eaten.
Chapters of Leviticus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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